Answer in detail :
1) Assess various measures undertaken to eradicate
poverty.
Ans:-
Various measures undertaken to eradicate poverty are as follows:
1. Control of population: Government of India has introduced the Family Welfare Programme and population policies to keep a check over the population growth. This, in turn, helps in controlling poverty.
2. Agriculture: Government provides financial assistance to farmers to purchase agricultural inputs. The Government also announces Minimum Support Prices for selected crops to ensure stable agricultural income to farmers.
3. Rural works: Through various schemes. the employment opportunities are providing to the poor through the construction of rural roads, irrigation projects. rural electrification, etc.
4. Rural industrialization: To promote employment in rural areas. the government encourages setting up of small scale and cottage industries.
5. Minimum Wages: Minimum Wages Act was passed in 1948 to provide fair wages to agricultural and industrial workers. It has been revised from time to time. This has helped in the reduction of poverty.
6. Public Distribution System: The government has also taken efforts to ensure food security to the poor. Food gain is made available to the poor people at highly subsidized rates through ration shops under the Public Distribution System.
7. Nationalization of banks: To ensure financial aid. credit facilities are made available to the poor people at low rates of interest. For this purpose, nationalization of banks was undertaken by the government of India in 1969 and 1980.
8. Progressive tax measures: To reduce Inequalities in the distribution of income. the progressive income tax system has been introduced in India.
9. Education: Government has taken many efforts to spread education in c0untry. To increase the enrolment ratio. primary education has been made free and compulsory for all. I have education for girls. mid-day meal programmes. sanitation and safe drinking water. etc. have also been provided.
10. Affordable housing: Government has also started slum rehabilitation programmes. Affordable housing facilities are provided to the rural and urban poor.
11. Health facilities: Government has established primary health centres. government hospitals to provide medical treatment at subsidized rates to the poor people, especially in rural areas.
12. Skill development and self-employment: For the removal of poverty in India, skill development is considered one of the important aspects of job creation. For this purpose. government has started providing opportunities for skill-based training This will inspire people towards entrepreneurship or self-employment. This, in turn, will help to eradicate poverty.