Distinguish between
1) Planning and organizing
Solution:
Points | Planning | Organizing |
1. Meaning | Planning is deciding in advance what to do how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it. | Organizing is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and establishing the authority relationships among them. |
2. Objective | To set goals and choosing the means to achieve these goals. | To identify and bring together all the required resources. |
3. Area of function | It includes setting objectives by identifying the ways of attaining the goal and selecting the best plan. | It includes identification and grouping of activities, assigning the work, and establishing the authority relationship |
4. Factors | Internal and External factors are considered in the planning process. | Internal and external factors are considered in the arrangement of resources. |
5. Order | It is the basic first function of the management process | It is based on planning. |
6. Resources | Planning is done as per the requirement and availability of resources. | All available resources i.e. men, money, material, machine, and method are arranged in a systematic manner. |
7. Nature | It is continuous in nature. It exists in the whole life of an organization. | It takes place till the time all the resources are collected and arranged. |
8. level of Management | Top management is concerned with planning the activities. | Top and middle-level management related with organizing the required resources. |
2) Organizing and staffing
Solution:
Points | Organizing | Staffing |
1. Meaning | Organizing is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and establishing the authority relationships among them. | The staffing function pertains to the recruitment, selection, development, training, and compensation of subordinate managers. |
2. Objective | To identify and bring together all the required resources. | To appoint the right type of people in the right positions and the right time. |
3. Area of function | It includes identification and grouping of activities, assigning the work, and establishing the authority relationship. | It includes recruitment, selection, training, development, and compensation of human resources. |
4. Factors | Internal and external factors are considered in the arrangement of resources. | Staffing is mostly concerned with internal factors. |
5. Order | It is based on planning. | It follows the organizing function. |
6. Resources | All available resources i.e. men, money, material, machine, and method are arranged in a systematic manner. | It is the process relating to the organization of human resources. |
7. Nature | It takes place till the time all the resources are collected and arranged. | It is a continuous process as it deals with employees i.e. human resources. |
8. level of Management | Top and middle-level management are related to organizing the required resources. | Middle-level management is related to recruitment, training, and selection Top level is concerned with promotion and compensation. |
3) Staffing and directing
Solution:
Points | Staffing | Directing |
1. Meaning | The staffing function pertains to the recruitment, selection, development, training, and compensation of subordinate managers. | Directing is the guidance inspiration, the leadership of those men and women constitute the real case responsibilities of management. |
2. Objective | To appoint the right type of people in the right positions and the right time. | To direct the subordinates to get the things done in the right manner. |
3. Area of function | It includes recruitment, selection, training, development, and compensation of human resources. | It includes instructing, guiding, inspiring, communicating and motivating the human resources. |
4. Factors | Staffing is mostly concerned with internal factors. | Directing is concerned directly with internal factors i.e. human resources. |
5. Order | It follows the organizing function. | It follows organizing and staffing for the execution of planning. |
6. Resources | It is the process relating to the organization of human resources. | It gives direction to the employees regarding the use of other resources. |
7. Nature | It is a continuous process as it deals with employees i.e. human resources. | This continuous process is necessary for the process of achievement of the goals. |
8. level of Management | Middle-level management is related to recruitment, training, and selection Top level is concerned with promotion and compensation. | Middle-level management is involved in directing the employees. |
4) Directing and controlling
Solution:
Points | Directing | Controlling |
1. Meaning | Directing is the guidance inspiration, the leadership of those men and women constitute the real case responsibilities of management. | Controlling is the process of taking steps to bring actual results and desired results closer together. |
2. Objective | To direct the subordinates to get the things done in the right manner. | To ensure that the objectives are achieved according to the plan. |
3. Area of function | It includes instructing, guiding, inspiring, communicating, and motivating human resources. | It includes setting up of standards, measurement, and comparison with actual performance and taking corrective steps whenever necessary. |
4. Factors | Directing is concerned directly with internal factors i.e. human resources. | Internal and external factors are taken into account for taking corrective action. |
5. Order | It follows organizing and staffing for the execution of planning. | It is an end function of the management process. |
6. Resources | It gives direction to the employees regarding the use of other resources. | It is related to all organizational resources which help to achieve the goal of the organization. |
7. Nature | This continuous process is necessary for the process of achievement of the goals. | It is the process that starts once the actual plan is executed. |
8. level of Management | Middle-level management is involved in directing the employees. | Top and middle-level management are responsible for controlling the activities. |
5) Co-ordinating and controlling
Solution:
Points | Co-ordinating | Controlling |
1. Meaning | Coordination is an orderly arrangement of group efforts to provide unity of action in the pursuit of a common goal. | Controlling is the process of taking steps to bring actual results and desired results closer together. |
2. Objective | To ensure the harmony of efforts of the employees for the smooth functioning of the organization. | To ensure that the objectives are achieved according to the plan. |
3. Area of function | It includes integration of efforts of top-level, middle level, and lower level. | It includes setting up of standards, measurement, and comparison with actual performance and taking corrective steps whenever necessary. |
4. Factors | It is the harmonization of human resources. | Internal and external factors are taken into account for taking corrective action. |
5. Order | It is an important element of organizing which follows planning. | It is an end function of the management process. |
6. Resources | It is related to human resources. | It is related to all organizational resources which help to achieve the goal of the organization. |
7. Nature | This is a continuous process related to all managerial levels. | It is the process that starts once the actual plan is executed. |
8. level of Management | It is related to all the levels of management to achieve the goal of organization. | Top and middle-level management are responsible for controlling the activities. |
6) Planning and Controlling
Solution:
Points | Planning | Controlling |
1. Meaning | Planning is deciding in advance what to do how to do it, when to do it and who is to do it. | Controlling is the process of taking steps to bring actual results and desired results closer together. |
2. Objective | To set goals and choosing the means to achieve these goals. | To ensure that the objectives are achieved according to the plan. |
3. Area of function | It includes setting objectives by identifying the ways of attaining the goal and selecting the best plan. | It includes setting up of standards, measurement, and comparison with actual performance and taking corrective steps whenever necessary. |
4. Factors | Internal and External factors are considered in the planning process. | Internal and external factors are taken into account for taking corrective action. |
5. Order | It is the basic first function of the management process. | It is an end function of the management process. |
6. Resources | Planning is done as per the requirement and availability of resources. | It is related to all organizational resources which help to achieve goal of organization. |
7. Nature | It is continuous in nature. It exists in the whole life of organization. | It is the process that starts once the actual plan is executed. |
8. level of Management | Top management is concerned with planning the activities. | Top and middle-level management are responsible for controlling the activities. |
7) Organising and Directing
Solution:
Points | Organizing | Directing |
1. Meaning | Organizing is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and establishing the authority relationships among them. | Directing is the guidance inspiration, the leadership of those men and women constitute the real case responsibilities of management. |
2. Objective | To identify and bring together all the required resources. | To direct the subordinates to get the things done in the right manner. |
3. Area of function | It includes identification and grouping of activities, assigning the work, and establishing the authority relationship. | It includes instructing, guiding, inspiring, communicating, and motivating human resources. |
4. Factors | Internal and external factors are considered in the arrangement of resources. | Directing is concerned directly with internal factors i.e. human resources. |
5. Order | It is based on planning. | It follows organizing and staffing for the execution of planning. |
6. Resources | All available resources i.e. men, money, material, machine, and method are arranged in a systematic manner. | It gives direction to the employees regarding the use of other resources. |
7. Nature | It takes place till the time all the resources are collected and arranged. | This continuous process is necessary for the process of achievement of the goals. |
8. level of Management | Top and middle-level management are related to organizing the required resources. | Middle-level management is involved in directing the employees. |
8) Organizing and Co-ordinating
Solution:
Points | Organizing | Co-ordinating |
1. Meaning | Organizing is the process of defining and grouping the activities of the enterprise and establishing the authority relationships among them. | Coordination is the orderly arrangement of group efforts to provide unity of action in the pursuit of a common goal. |
2. Objective | To identify and bring together all the required resources. | To ensure the harmony of efforts of the employees for the smooth functioning of the organization. |
3. Area of function | It includes identification and grouping of activities, assigning the work, and establishing the authority relationship. | It includes integration of efforts of top-level, middle level, and lower level. |
4. Factors | Internal and external factors are considered in the arrangement of resources. | It is the harmonization of human resources. |
5. Order | It is based on planning. | It is an important element of organizing which follows planning. |
6. Resources | All available resources i.e. men, money, material, machine, and method are arranged in a systematic manner. | It is related to human resources. |
7. Nature | It takes place till the time all the resources are collected and arranged. | This is a continuous process related to all managerial levels. |
8. level of Management | Top and middle-level management related with organizing the required resources. | It is related to all the levels of management to achieve the goal of the organization. |